Internal-combustion engine.



R. POWELL. INTERNAL UOMBUSTION ENGIN MPMCATNN MLB!) AFRQO, 1911.

Patented June l1, 1912 BSHEETS-SHEET 2,

/f w j QM TOHNEYS 1liA UNITED `rs'rn'rlss PATENT oney ne'wLnY In rownm.,`or GRAFTON, wns'r vmermn.

y INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

specification Letters ratentb iin ,the co,mbimitiche,` construct-ions and arrangements hereinl described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a device by means .of which the scavenging of th enginemay be etfectively accomplished. :furtherobje.ct ofmy invention is vto provide? a device in which a higher comv pressionislsecured.

lfp.f,1 1rt`her object 'of my invention is -to prbviile l means for` cooling the piston and thev cylinder.

{Awfurther lobject -of .my i invention is lto providev av device in which the carbon deon -thepiston and cylinderfis reduced to ia'. minimum, due to complete combustion.

further object of my invention isto provide a deviceeapable of using wlonger Strke.

@ther objects and advantages willappear in the following specification and the novel features of the invention willfbe particularlypointed'out in the` appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawin s forming part of this applicationinwhic ye1 is a l longitudinal vertical section through the device, Fig. 2 is a section along the` line of Fig, 1, Fig. yis a section alon`g-,the line 3-3` of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a section 'alonggthe lined-4 of Fig. 2,. Fig.' 5

is an end vlewof `the device,.c.ertain parts being' shown in section, Fig'. .6 is a side view sectional view showing theIvalveoperetinpg'` invention, provide a basefylfwhch is. divided'b fit/partition 2',

- soesto Aiiormalmir of cran `casings mand d" to ,the base i1 ere'the eng-ine l ei'ng designated in' the draw#` "and c D respectively. The

.Sure 'provided ywith thefrespcctive Application led April *20, 191i. Serialv No. 622.1813.

are connected by means of the piston rods a and Z1 with lthe crank member 3. The latter, it .will be observed, is journaled in the Walls of the base l, and is connected with a similar crank member Il in the crank cese y. The crank member 4 is disposed at an angle of 180J from the crank member 3, and is connected by means of the piston rods c and d with the pistons c and d respectively. As stated before, the cylinders are vcast in pairs, the cylinders C and D being precisely of the same construction as the cylinders A and B. A description of the c linders Ay and B therefore will suiiice.

hese .cylinders are cast so as to provide a pair of by-pnsses a2 and b?. As will be seen from Fig. 2, the by-pass a2 communicates, at

its top, with the cylinder A, while the by' pass b2 communicates with the c linder B. The usual Water jacket such as t at shown at w is provided, and it will be noticed that the by-passes c2 and b2 terminate just below that portion of the water jacket which extends between` the cylinders. The purpose of this arrangement will ne explained later. The crankv member 4- is journeled in the crank case as shown and an extension 5 (see Fig. le) Iis provided with a ear 6 which meshes with a gear 7 on a sha 8. The lat,- ter beers a cam 9, which is arranged to en-y gage the lower end of the valve stem 10a of the inlet val-ve l0, (see Figo). Each cylin der is provided with an inlet valve 10 and an exhaust valve 11. The latter is operated a cam 9" similar to the ram 9 on the s mit 8. YIn order to insure the erlect operation oi these valves I in elose the shaft. 8 in a casing t a convenientploce in the crank casing I arrange the inlet valves, such "as that. shown at V in Fig. 7. The spark pll Sis preferably disposed just above the inta ce .valve as shown in the drawings.

From the forcgoingdescription ot' the varions arts .of the device. Athe operation thereof may be readily understood. Let us f .suppose that the motor has been cranked and that cylinder D is drawing in acharge yof mixed gas and air. The intake valve vl0 will then be in the position shown in Fi 5 and the pistons inthe cylinders C an( D will be in the position shown in Fig. l. Consider first the notionv in lthe cylinder D. As the piston (l descends-'the charge is drawn in and will continue' to be 'drawn in as long Patented June il, 1912. n

vas the top of thepiston is above the openingl .ofthe by-pa'ss which establishes communica- .tion 'between the crankjcase y and the inte- .f" j isteadof one. Now, when the piston d un-V covers theopening of the by-pass the compressed, air in the'crank case will rush into the cyliiderID, so as to equali'ze the pressure ases y ring the pressure u to that of the atmos in the crank case and in the cylinder. Or-

dinar-ily therewould be a slight vacuum in 'i the cylinder D, this vacuum bein greater in a cylinder offconsiderable'lengt orv when the en 'neis running 'very fast, since the o nothave time to enter so as to heric pressure. T e entrance ofthe 4air om the crank case howevergwill not only bring it up to atmospheric pressuija'but beyond atmosphericpressrure. When the piston c uncovers the opening of the by-pass c2 then the compressed airfrom the crank case will rush into the cylinder C. The opening 'ofthe exhaust valveby meansl of a cam such as 9V or 9 hasjiist taken place s o that the air drives out the ases, thus scavenging the cylinder. A furt er scavenging takes place on the upstroke of the pistony c. It

will be noted that a lar e quantity of air is available to/scavenge t e cylinder because of the fact'that the cylinder which is on the intake stroke will require less air to yfill it, due to the fact that it is already nearly full of .the mixture admitted through the intake valve, andtherefore the greater portion of the air will be available to scavenge the companion cylinder. On the up stroke of* the piston d the initial charge of gas and air drawn through the intake valve is cornv pressed as well as the air which wasadf mitted from the crank case. which is drawn into the intake valve is rich in'gas, so that the admixture of the air from the crank` case brings the proportion of air and gas tothe theoretical explosive mixture.

Of cour'se, the intake valve and. the exhaust, valve are both closed onl the com ressionE stroke, this being merely a matter o adjust-' ment of the cams on the camshaft 8. The explosion drives the piston d downwardly and the movement of thepiston e sucks in a charge, the intake valve opened to al-4v I low the charge to enter.

The arrangement ofthe cylinders in pairsl connected to a common crank shaft at 180- lends to the steady working ofthe engine sov that vibration is reduced to a minimum.

without the use The *mixture It will be noted that the following'advautages accrue from a device constructed in' the manner described. The cylinders of the v engine are thoroughly scavenged by astream of pure cold air under considerable pressure.

A greater compression is secured in the explosion chamber. One Idiiliculty encounf, tered. in the use of engines having a long. stroke is the inability of a piston to draw in a charge fast enough. In other words there is generally a considerable vacuum in the chamber `so that onr the compression stroke there must be an ap reciab1e movement of the piston to ma e up for this before there can be an compression at all. In my device ythis trou le is obviated. .The air from they crank caseimmediately enters the cylinder so that the pressure in, the crank case andfthe cylinder' are equalized.

Thereafter compresslpn occursand there is' more of the explosive mixture inthe c lin-l der Lthan Vthe/re would otherwise have. een. Therefore to useta longer stroke it is only necessarygto /feed' 'in a richer fuelsupply when the Vair fromlv the crank casewill mix lwithtlie latter and not only reduces the vacuum, but will actually bring the charge within the cylinder/above atmospheric 'pres-k sure before impressiontakesv vThe cool ai'r from the crank case is forced intox the cylinders therebykeeiigthe vcylinders and vpiston cool.l .It notedtha't the richest-part ofthe,

-passes the crank case I consider one of themain` features of my inventionf: since it permits l an unobstructed flow o-air to the cylinders v of supplementary valves.

Iclaim: 1. In an internal combustion engine, a

Aplurality of cylinders arranged in pai'rs, a

crank shaft, a piston for eac pair of cyhnders connected` with said crank shaft, the pistons of adjacent pairs of cylinders being connected to the crank shaft at 180 a art, an individual crank case for each pairo thev cylinders, said crankcase being'in free :com-v "munication, with one end of its pair of cylders, anda by-pa'ss for each individual cylinder' of apair, between the cylinders 'of each pair; the walls of saidby-passes being `integral/with the walls ofthe adja'centcylmders, andsaid' by-pass'es establishing comv'inuni'cation' between the cylinders above the pistons `and the interior of the crank case.

2. In an internal combustion Y en ine, `a pair of cylinders each having an inta e 'and exhaust'y valve at one end, pistons; disposed in said cylinder, va crank case, afco'mmon crank shaft, the ends of the lcylinders opposite the intake and exhaust valve having,

explosive charge is at the .upper end of thmoylinder'sc that Vwhen the explosionoocu'ls there isless liability-of a carbon deposit onthe. iston." 'f l -The arrangement-or `the by lfreece runninicationwith theinterior of -130 i www@ 'crank eeaavwen the piston is in its lower peegn, am invidual by-pass for each cyliiex' disposed between said cylinders, the wes of :nid Toy-passes beg integral with those Gf thecylinders on either side thereof, mid Said by-pa-sss tegxa wall, an net valve for permitting the entrance of air 'nto the crank case, and

means for timing the movement of the intake and lexhausts valves.

i RAWLEY H. POWELL. h lWitnesses:

R. S; MIDDLETON, C. C. RICHMAN. 

